This year, 60,000 people will have a cardiac arrest in their home or a public place. Only 1 in 10 people will survive.
A heart attack can lead to a cardiac arrest, but they are not the same.
Signs of a heart attack include:
- They are awake
- Severe chest pains
- Feeling sick
Signs of a cardiac arrest include:
- They have collapsed suddenly
- They are not breathing properly
- They are having a seizure
- They are unresponsive
You can save the life of someone in cardiac arrest, don’t delay in giving help as every second counts.
Think DRS ABC
- Danger – check it is safe for you to help.
- Response – shake their shoulders and ask “are you okay?” If they don’t respond immediately call 999 immediately
- Shout – call for help.
- Airway – lay the patient flat on their back, gently tilt their head back to open the airway.
- Breathing – look to see if their chest is moving up and down, listen for noises, and feel for any breath on your cheek.
- Compressions – start CPR if they aren’t breathing.
By taking over the role of their heart you will pump blood and oxygen around their body to vital organs, such as the brain, heart, kidney and lungs.
CPR
To perform CPR kneel at the side of the patient. Put the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest with the other hand on top, keeping your arms straight and elbows locked. Push down hard and fast, twice per second. Let the chest come up again before you press down again.
Defibrillator
Check if there is a defibrillator nearby, as these can be found in public places, such as schools, shopping centres, leisure centres, airports, and train stations. Anyone can use a defibrillator, you don’t need training.
Open the defibrillator, and if there is a power button, turn it on. Follow the instructions that you can see/hear, and a diagram will show you where to put the pads on the patient. The machine will analyse the heart rhythm and determine if a shock is needed. It’s impossible to make a mistake. Continue with CPR until the ambulance arrives.
A cardiac arrest can happen to anyone at any age, anytime, anywhere.
A cardiac arrest is the most extreme emergency and happens when the heart stops pumping in a normal way, preventing blood from circulating around the body. It can happen at anybody at any age, anytime, anywhere.
Someone who is having a cardiac arrest will suddenly lose consciousness and will stop breathing normally. There are usually no obvious symptoms or warning signs prior to this happening. Unless immediately treated with CPR and defibrillation, the person will die within minutes.
CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The term refers to the steps that can be taken to keep someone alive until ambulance crews take over. These skills include chest compressions to manually pump blood around the body, and rescue breaths to provide oxygen.
Combining chest compressions with rescue breaths is the ‘gold standard’ as is particularly important to do if the person in cardiac arrest is a child, but ‘hands only’ is a useful alternative for untrained bystanders or those unwilling to give rescue breaths.
We’d like as many public areas, communities and workplaces to have publicly accessible defibrillators – otherwise known as defibs. These are placed in a cabinet that can be accessed 24 hours a day by anyone who needs to use one. In an emergency, the cabinet is accessed via a code given to the person who rings 999.
If you already have a defib that’s great! Please make sure you tell us about it so we can make sure anyone who rings us for a cardiac arrest can access the nearest defib to them.
Shocking statistics
- In the UK, around 60,000 people have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest every year
- Less than one in 10 people survive a cardiac arrest
- One of the main reasons for this is the lack of action from bystanders before ambulance crews arrive
- Defibrillation within five minutes can result in survival rates as high 70%
- We need bystanders need to take action by using defibrillators in the community
- Defibrillators should be as readily available as fire extinguishers
Frequently asked questions
No, this is to protect you from the potential risks currently faced with the COVID-19 pandemic and comes from UK Resuscitation guidelines.
Please do not put yourself in an increased risk of danger when helping someone. If you can, remove the danger from the casualty or remove the casualty from the danger.
We do love to work with communities in the settings they are based at when we can. There are other providers of BLS and AED training too, such as our voluntary partners like St John Ambulance.
Ribs can be broken during CPR, but these will mend if resuscitation attempts are successful. Do not stop CPR if you feel this has occurred.
By ringing 999 and requesting the ambulance service we can direct you to an AED that is accessible in a 500m radius. We will do this if there is more than one person on scene and the patient’s condition warrants it.
The typical placement for AED pads on an adult are on the upper right and lower left side of the patient’s chest. The AED pads will show you exactly where to place them.
In bystander CPR there is no need to deliver ‘rescue breaths’, just concentrate on compression at a rate of 100-120 per minute.
If the patient shows signs of life prior to the arrival of the ambulance service stop CPR, and offer reassurance and comfort to the casualty. The AED would continue to tell you to do CPR but as there are signs of life there is no need to continue CPR.
In a cardiac arrest the pacemaker is irrelevant to saving the patient, the use of an AED and compressions is essential to help save them.
Delivering CPR is a tiring skill, if you become exhausted/tired and there are other people on scene get them to take over from you and direct them as you have been shown.
The AED gives clear instructions to make sure everyone is clear of the casualty period to shocking. This is so we don’t cause harm to other people.
Because of the way AED pads are placed on the chest, any item in between this area must be moved, so if jewellery is present move so behind the neck area.
The main difference is hand positions, in an infant (0-1 year old) we use two fingers in the centre of the chest. For a child we use one hand in the centre of their chest. We still compress approximately 1/3 of the chest depth and the same rate, 100-120 compressions per minute.
Working with communities
We have a Community Resuscitation team dedicated to strengthening the ‘chain of survival’ in communities across the North West. By installing defibrillators or teaching people basic life support skills, we want everyone in cardiac arrest to have the best chance of survival, no matter when or where they take ill.
The team is also responsible for training and supporting our community first responders and GoodSAM volunteers.
If you’re interested in having a defib in your workplace or community, or if you’d like to arrange CPR training for a group of colleagues or your community group, please get in touch – [email protected].
We also recognise, celebrate and support those who actively help to increase survival rates from cardiac arrest through our CardiacSmart accreditation scheme.